Hooks - sharp protrusions that develop on teeth when an overbite, underbite or other dental deformity causes an imperfect meeting of the top and bottom arcades.  Most common on the upper first cheek tooth and lower last molar.



Ramps - Typically premolars with a surface that slopes like a ski jump.  Ramps can cut or scrape the tongue or cheek, especially when a horse is bitted.




Step mouth - A cheek tooth row with one molar that has grown unopposed so it juts above the rest of the arcade.  A gap in the opposite molar lineup usually initiates the abnormality.



Wave mouth -  A severely restricting abnormality that occurs when two or more teeth in an arcade are high, creating a series of ascending and declining grinding surfaces.




Shear mouth - A dental configuration in which the molars’ grinding surfaces are worn at a sharp 60° to 75° angle.  Normally the angle is 15°.

The Przewalski's horse, named after the Russian explorer who discovered this species in 1897, is native to high altitudes in western Mongolia.